999kao.com
考研英语（一）2014年真题
I am sorry. Now what were we talking about? ()
A. Never mind.
B. I don't remember, either.
C. You were saying that you used to be a teacher.
参考答案：C
It's very interesting to study names of different countries.Chinese names are different (1) foreign names.Once an English lady came to visit me.When I was introduced to her she said, “ Glad to meet you, Miss Ping.” Then she gave me her name card with three words on it:"Betty J.Black.So I said, “Thank you, Miss Betty.” We looked at each other and laughed heartily.Later I found that the English people (2)their family names last and the given names first, while their middle names are not used very much.I explained to her that the Chinese family name comes first, the given name last, so she(3) never call me Miss Ping.She asked if we Chinese had a middle name.I told her we didn't.but people may often find three words
on a Chinese name card.In this case the family name still come first, and the other words after it(4)a two-word given name.it is quite usual in China.My sister is Li Xiaofang.She has two words in her given name instead (5) just one like mine.(完型填空)
A.Put
B.From
C.Should
D.of
E.are
答案：B A C E D
解析：本段意思：研究不同国家的名称是非常有趣的。中国人的名字不同于外国人的名字。有一次，一位英国女士来看我。当我被介绍给她时，她说:“很高兴认识你，萍小姐。然后她给了我她的名片，上面有三个字:“贝蒂·j·布莱克。”所以我说:“谢谢你，贝蒂小姐。我们面面相觑，开怀大笑。后来我发现英国人把姓放在最后，名放在前面，中间的名字用得不多。我向她解释中国姓在前，名在后，所以她永远不要叫我萍小姐。她问我们中国人有没有中间名。我告诉她我们没有。但是人们经常会在一张中文名片上发现三个字。在这种情况下，姓仍然在前面，在它后面的其他单词是两个单词组成的名字。这在中国很常见。我妹妹是李小芳。她有两个字在她的名字，而不像我一样只有一个。
What can we learn about old women in terms of fashion？
A.They are often ignored by fashion designers .
B. They are now more easily influenced by stars .
C. They are regarded as pioneers in the latest fashion .
D. They are more interested in clothes because of their old age .
正确答案：B
共用题干
Old Man Myths and Realities
1 When does a middle-aged man become an old man?Officially,of course,it's when we
reach retirement age. But, as we all know, this is a fairly blunt（生硬的）method of
decision making. As life expectancy（预期寿命）increases, retirement planning needs to
be changed .This is because being an old man today is very different from what it was a
generation or so ago.
2 Sixty-five is the new middle-aged man. These days people are talking about the young-
old,that is ages 70-75,and those over 75 as the old-old. The young-old frequently
continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends and family.The old-old have a
much higher chance of poor health and social isolation.
3 Although men are living longer,there are still more old women than old men.This fact
alone should arouse interest as to why.Relatively little is actually known about why this is
the case or about the experiences of the old man .Sure,we are aware that the old man
experiences anxiety,financial problems,loneliness,etc.,but that's really about all we
know.
4 It is usually believed that the old man often complains about their health.In fact,most
rate their health as good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness.
The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they
were younger.
Old Man Myths and Realities
1 When does a middle-aged man become an old man?Officially,of course,it's when we
reach retirement age. But, as we all know, this is a fairly blunt（生硬的）method of
decision making. As life expectancy（预期寿命）increases, retirement planning needs to
be changed .This is because being an old man today is very different from what it was a
generation or so ago.
2 Sixty-five is the new middle-aged man. These days people are talking about the young-
old,that is ages 70-75,and those over 75 as the old-old. The young-old frequently
continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends and family.The old-old have a
much higher chance of poor health and social isolation.
3 Although men are living longer,there are still more old women than old men.This fact
alone should arouse interest as to why.Relatively little is actually known about why this is
the case or about the experiences of the old man .Sure,we are aware that the old man
experiences anxiety,financial problems,loneliness,etc.,but that's really about all we
know.
4 It is usually believed that the old man often complains about their health.In fact,most
rate their health as good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness.
The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they
were younger.
Nowadays men generally live longer than_________.
A: in good health
B: in the past
C: in the wrong
D: the old man
E: a middle-aged man
F: a young man
A: in good health
B: in the past
C: in the wrong
D: the old man
E: a middle-aged man
F: a young man
答案：B
解析：
共用题干
Step Back in Time
Do you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us?One
hundred years ago the average woman lived to be 45.But now,she can live until at least 80.
One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after
ourselves better. We know which foods are good for us and what we have to eat to make
sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need.We know why we sometimes get ill and
what to do to get better again.And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to
keep our hearts beating healthily.
But in order that we don't slip back into bad habits,let's have a look at what life was
like 100 years ago.
Families had between 15 and 20 children,although many babies didn't live long.
Children suffered from lots of diseases , especially rickets（佝偻病）and scurvy（坏血病）,
which are both caused by bad diets.This is because many families were very poor and not
able to feed their children well.
Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept
standing up,bending over a piece of string,because there was no room for them to lie down.
People didn't have fridges until the 1 920s.They kept fresh food cold by storing it on
windowsills（窗台板）,blocks of ice, or even burying it in the garden.
Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight to earn money for their
parents. If you had lived 1 00 years ago , you might well be selling matchsticks（火柴杆）(a
job done by many children)or working with your dad by now.
Step Back in Time
Do you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us?One
hundred years ago the average woman lived to be 45.But now,she can live until at least 80.
One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after
ourselves better. We know which foods are good for us and what we have to eat to make
sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need.We know why we sometimes get ill and
what to do to get better again.And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to
keep our hearts beating healthily.
But in order that we don't slip back into bad habits,let's have a look at what life was
like 100 years ago.
Families had between 15 and 20 children,although many babies didn't live long.
Children suffered from lots of diseases , especially rickets（佝偻病）and scurvy（坏血病）,
which are both caused by bad diets.This is because many families were very poor and not
able to feed their children well.
Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept
standing up,bending over a piece of string,because there was no room for them to lie down.
People didn't have fridges until the 1 920s.They kept fresh food cold by storing it on
windowsills（窗台板）,blocks of ice, or even burying it in the garden.
Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight to earn money for their
parents. If you had lived 1 00 years ago , you might well be selling matchsticks（火柴杆）(a
job done by many children)or working with your dad by now.
A.hundred years ago many kids died at an early age.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
答案：A
解析：
2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and nark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly cant remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintances name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that theres actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 . The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developingmuch like a (n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1. A why B when C that D where2. A improves B fades C collapses D recovers3. A While B Unless C Once D If4. A uneven B limited C damaging D obscure5. A relationship B environment C wellbeing D outlook6. A turns B finds C points D figures7. A responses B roundabouts C workouts D associations8. A genre B criterion C circumstances D functions9. A channel B process C sequence D condition10. A excel B feature C persist D believe11. A However B Moreover C Otherwise D Therefore12. A instead of B regardless of C apart from D according to13. A back B further C aside D around14. A framework B stability C sharpness D flexibility15. A hurries B reminds C forces D allows16. A order B track C hold D pace17. A to B on C for D with18. A constantly B habitually C irregularly D unusually19. A carry B put C build D take20. A risky B familiar C idle D effectiveSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefitand then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseekers allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on,” he claimed. “Were doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you dont skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know t
共用题干
Old Man Myths and Realities
1 When does a middle-aged man become an old man?Officially,of course,it's when we
reach retirement age. But, as we all know, this is a fairly blunt（生硬的）method of
decision making. As life expectancy（预期寿命）increases, retirement planning needs to
be changed .This is because being an old man today is very different from what it was a
generation or so ago.
2 Sixty-five is the new middle-aged man. These days people are talking about the young-
old,that is ages 70-75,and those over 75 as the old-old. The young-old frequently
continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends and family.The old-old have a
much higher chance of poor health and social isolation.
3 Although men are living longer,there are still more old women than old men.This fact
alone should arouse interest as to why.Relatively little is actually known about why this is
the case or about the experiences of the old man .Sure,we are aware that the old man
experiences anxiety,financial problems,loneliness,etc.,but that's really about all we
know.
4 It is usually believed that the old man often complains about their health.In fact,most
rate their health as good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness.
The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they
were younger.
Old Man Myths and Realities
1 When does a middle-aged man become an old man?Officially,of course,it's when we
reach retirement age. But, as we all know, this is a fairly blunt（生硬的）method of
decision making. As life expectancy（预期寿命）increases, retirement planning needs to
be changed .This is because being an old man today is very different from what it was a
generation or so ago.
2 Sixty-five is the new middle-aged man. These days people are talking about the young-
old,that is ages 70-75,and those over 75 as the old-old. The young-old frequently
continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends and family.The old-old have a
much higher chance of poor health and social isolation.
3 Although men are living longer,there are still more old women than old men.This fact
alone should arouse interest as to why.Relatively little is actually known about why this is
the case or about the experiences of the old man .Sure,we are aware that the old man
experiences anxiety,financial problems,loneliness,etc.,but that's really about all we
know.
4 It is usually believed that the old man often complains about their health.In fact,most
rate their health as good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness.
The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they
were younger.
Paragraph 2__________
A:New definitions of the old man
B:Changing concept of the old man
C:Health of the old man
D:Happy old man and sad old man
E:Limited knowledge of the old man's experiences
F:Contempt for the old man
A:New definitions of the old man
B:Changing concept of the old man
C:Health of the old man
D:Happy old man and sad old man
E:Limited knowledge of the old man's experiences
F:Contempt for the old man
答案：A
解析：
共用题干
Old Man Myths and Realities
1 When does a middle-aged man become an old man?Officially,of course,it's when we
reach retirement age. But, as we all know, this is a fairly blunt（生硬的）method of
decision making. As life expectancy（预期寿命）increases, retirement planning needs to
be changed .This is because being an old man today is very different from what it was a
generation or so ago.
2 Sixty-five is the new middle-aged man. These days people are talking about the young-
old,that is ages 70-75,and those over 75 as the old-old. The young-old frequently
continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends and family.The old-old have a
much higher chance of poor health and social isolation.
3 Although men are living longer,there are still more old women than old men.This fact
alone should arouse interest as to why.Relatively little is actually known about why this is
the case or about the experiences of the old man .Sure,we are aware that the old man
experiences anxiety,financial problems,loneliness,etc.,but that's really about all we
know.
4 It is usually believed that the old man often complains about their health.In fact,most
rate their health as good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness.
The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they
were younger.
Old Man Myths and Realities
1 When does a middle-aged man become an old man?Officially,of course,it's when we
reach retirement age. But, as we all know, this is a fairly blunt（生硬的）method of
decision making. As life expectancy（预期寿命）increases, retirement planning needs to
be changed .This is because being an old man today is very different from what it was a
generation or so ago.
2 Sixty-five is the new middle-aged man. These days people are talking about the young-
old,that is ages 70-75,and those over 75 as the old-old. The young-old frequently
continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends and family.The old-old have a
much higher chance of poor health and social isolation.
3 Although men are living longer,there are still more old women than old men.This fact
alone should arouse interest as to why.Relatively little is actually known about why this is
the case or about the experiences of the old man .Sure,we are aware that the old man
experiences anxiety,financial problems,loneliness,etc.,but that's really about all we
know.
4 It is usually believed that the old man often complains about their health.In fact,most
rate their health as good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness.
The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they
were younger.
Paragraph 1________
A:New definitions of the old man
B:Changing concept of the old man
C:Health of the old man
D:Happy old man and sad old man
E:Limited knowledge of the old man's experiences
F:Contempt for the old man
A:New definitions of the old man
B:Changing concept of the old man
C:Health of the old man
D:Happy old man and sad old man
E:Limited knowledge of the old man's experiences
F:Contempt for the old man
答案：B
解析：
共用题干
Step Back in Time
Do you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us?One hundred years ago the average woman lived to be 45.But now,she can live until at least 80.
One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better.We know which foods are good for us and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need.We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again.And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily.
But in order that we don't slip back into bad habits,let's have a look at what life was 100 years ago
Families had between 15 and 20 children,although many babies didn't live long.from lots of diseases , especially rickets (佝偻病）and scurvy（坏血病）,which are bot diets.This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their children well.
Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up,bending over a piece of string,because there was no room for them to lie down.
People didn't have fridges until the 1920s.They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills（窗台板）,blocks of ice,or even burying it in the garden.
Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight to earn money for their pai lived 100 years ago,you might well be selling matchsticks（火柴杆）(a job done by many children）or working with your dad by now.
Step Back in Time
Do you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us?One hundred years ago the average woman lived to be 45.But now,she can live until at least 80.
One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better.We know which foods are good for us and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need.We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again.And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily.
But in order that we don't slip back into bad habits,let's have a look at what life was 100 years ago
Families had between 15 and 20 children,although many babies didn't live long.from lots of diseases , especially rickets (佝偻病）and scurvy（坏血病）,which are bot diets.This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their children well.
Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up,bending over a piece of string,because there was no room for them to lie down.
People didn't have fridges until the 1920s.They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills（窗台板）,blocks of ice,or even burying it in the garden.
Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight to earn money for their pai lived 100 years ago,you might well be selling matchsticks（火柴杆）(a job done by many children）or working with your dad by now.
A hundred years ago many kids died at an early age.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
答案：A
解析：
文章第一段虽然提到现在女性的寿命要比一百年前长，但并没有提及一百年前女性是否比男性寿命要长，故选C。
文章第二段明确介绍了人们现在比过去长寿的原因，故选B。
文章第四段第一句说一百年前，许多孩子很小便夭折了，故选A。
文章第四段第二句话中“… rickets and scurvy , which are both caused by bad diets.”可知，佝偻病与坏血病都是由饮食不良引起的，故选A。
文章第五段提到，人们过去之所以站着睡觉是因为房子太小，没有躺下的空间，而非出于喜欢，故选B。
文章第六段只是说，直到20世纪20年代人们才有了冰箱可用，但并没有说明冰箱是谁发明的，故选C。
从文章第四段以及最后一段可以看出，一百年前，生活对于许多孩子来说都是十分不易的，故选A。
文章第二段明确介绍了人们现在比过去长寿的原因，故选B。
文章第四段第一句说一百年前，许多孩子很小便夭折了，故选A。
文章第四段第二句话中“… rickets and scurvy , which are both caused by bad diets.”可知，佝偻病与坏血病都是由饮食不良引起的，故选A。
文章第五段提到，人们过去之所以站着睡觉是因为房子太小，没有躺下的空间，而非出于喜欢，故选B。
文章第六段只是说，直到20世纪20年代人们才有了冰箱可用，但并没有说明冰箱是谁发明的，故选C。
从文章第四段以及最后一段可以看出，一百年前，生活对于许多孩子来说都是十分不易的，故选A。
As many people hit middle age,they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be.We suddenly can’t remember___1___we put the keys just a moment ago,or an old acquaintance’s name,or the name of an old band we used to love.As the brain___2___,we refer to these occurrences as“senior moments.”___3___seemingly innocent,this loss of mental focus can potentially have a（n）___4___impact on our professional,social,and personal___5___.Neuroscientists,experts who study the nervous system,are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done.It___6___out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do,and the right mental___7___can significantly improve our basic cognitive___8___.Thinking is essentially a___9___of making connections in the brain.To a certain extent,our ability to___10___in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited.___11___,because these connections are made through effort and practice,scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate___12___mental effort.Now,a new Web-based company has taken it a step___13___and developed the first“brain training program”designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental___14___.The Web-based program___15___you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills.The program keeps___16___of your progress and provides detailed feedback___17___your performance and improvement.Most importantly,it___18___modifies and enhances the games you play to___19___on the strengths you are developing—much like a（n）___20___exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.（1）选？
A.where
B.when
C.that
D.why
B.when
C.that
D.why
答案：D
解析：
动词搭配+从句辨析本句句义为“我们会突然想不起来放钥匙_____”。划线处及之后的“_____we put the key just a moment ago”作remember的宾语从句。根据put的用法“put something in some place”（把某物放在某处）可知，空格处缺少的是地点状语，在四个选项中只有where表示地点状语，因此正确答案是D。why和when分别引导原因状语从句和时间状语从句，可放到空格处，但是无法做put的地点状语，所以排除选项A和B。that放在动词remember之后引导宾语从句，此时的that没有任何实际意义可以省略，而且that并不能充当put的地点状语，所以排除选项C。
As many people hit middle age,they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be.We suddenly can’t remember___1___we put the keys just a moment ago,or an old acquaintance’s name,or the name of an old band we used to love.As the brain___2___,we refer to these occurrences as“senior moments.”___3___seemingly innocent,this loss of mental focus can potentially have a（n）___4___impact on our professional,social,and personal___5___.Neuroscientists,experts who study the nervous system,are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done.It___6___out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do,and the right mental___7___can significantly improve our basic cognitive___8___.Thinking is essentially a___9___of making connections in the brain.To a certain extent,our ability to___10___in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited.___11___,because these connections are made through effort and practice,scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate___12___mental effort.Now,a new Web-based company has taken it a step___13___and developed the first“brain training program”designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental___14___.The Web-based program___15___you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills.The program keeps___16___of your progress and provides detailed feedback___17___your performance and improvement.Most importantly,it___18___modifies and enhances the games you play to___19___on the strengths you are developing—much like a（n）___20___exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.（4）选？
A.uneven
B.limited
C.damaging
D.obscure
B.limited
C.damaging
D.obscure
答案：C
解析：
上下文逻辑关系+词义辨析在上一题的分析中可以看出，这个句子前后是转折的关系，前面说“看似简单”，后面是“有潜在的影响”，下文中又开始介绍解决方法，因此这里的空格处一定是与innocent意思相反的词。比较四个选项，可以看出只有选项C damaging符合句意，而其它三个选项均不符合句意，所以正确答案是C。
更多 “考研英语（一）2014年真题” 相关考题
考题
问答题Directions:There is one passage in this section with 5 statements. Go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet. For questions 1 - 5, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. You hear the same complaint all the time as people get older: “My memory is terrible.” Is it all in the mind, or do real changes take place in the brain with age to justify such grumbling (抱怨)? The depressing answer is that the brain’s cells, the neurons, die and decline in efficiency with age. Professor Arthur Shimamura, of the University of California at Berkeley, says there are three main ways in which mental function changes. The first is mental speed, for example how quickly you can react to fast-moving incidents on the road. Drivers in their late teens react quickly but tend to drive too fast, while the over sixties are more cautious but react more slowly. The near-inevitable slowing with age also partly explains why soccer players are seen as old in their thirties, while golf professionals are still in their prime at that age. This type of mental slowing results from a reduction in the efficiency with which the brain’s neurons work. The fact that adults find it harder to learn musical instruments than children points to a second type of mental loss with age—a reduction in learning capacity. The parts of the brain known as the temporal lobes control new learning, and are particularly vulnerable to the effects of aging. This means that, as we get older, we take longer to learn a new language, and slower to master new routines and technologies at work, and we have to rely more on diaries and other mental aids. “Working memory” is the third brain system which is vulnerable to the effects of aging. Working memory is the brain’s “blackboard”, where we juggle from moment to moment the things we have to keep in mind when solving problems, planning tasks and generally organizing our day-to-day life. Absent-mindedness occurs at all ages because of imperfections in the working memory system—so, for instance, you may continually lose your glasses, or find yourself walking into a room of your house only to find that you cannot remember what you came for. Such absent-mindedness tends to creep up on us as we age and occurs because our plans and intentions, which are chalked up on the mental blackboard, are easily wiped out by stray thoughts and other distractions. Stress and preoccupation can also cause such absent-mindedness, in addition to age-related changes in the brain. The frontal lobes of the brain—located behind the forehead and above the eyes—are where the working memory system is located. Like the temporal lobes, which handle new learning, the frontal lobes are more vulnerable to the aging process than other parts of the brain. The news, however, is not all bleak. Although neurons reduce in number with age, the remaining neurons send out new and longer connection fibers (dendrites) to maintain connections and allow us to function reasonably well with only relatively small drops in ability. This and other evidence suggests that the principle “use it or lost it” might apply to the aging brain. Professor Shimamura studied a group of university professors who were still intellectually active, and compared their performance on neuropsychological tests with that of others of their age group, as well as with younger people. He found that on several tests of memory, the mentally active professors in their sixties and early seventies were superior to their contemporaries, and as good as the younger people. Research on animals provide even stronger evidence of the effects of stimulation on the brain structure. Professor Bryan Kolb, of the University of Lethbridge in Canada, has shown that animals kept in stimulating environments show sprouting (生长) and lengthening of the connecting nerve fibers in comparison with animals kept in unstimulating environments. The beneficial effects of continued mental activity are shown by the fact that older contestants in quiz shows are just as fast and accurate in responding to general knowledge questions as younger competitors, suggesting that at least part of their intellectual apparatus is spared the effects of aging because of practice and skill. Such findings lead to the intriguing possibility of “mental fitness training” to accompany jogging and workouts for the health conscious. Research in Stockholm by Professor Lars Backman and his colleague has shown that older people can be trained to use their memory better, with the effects of this training lasting several years. Just as people go bald or grey at different rates, so the same is true for their mental faculties. Why this should be the case for memory and other mental functions is not yet clear. If Professor Shimamura is right, then the degree to which people use and stretch their mental faculties may also have a role to play. Statements: 1．The passage gives a description of several methods of testing mental ability. 2．Professor Shimamura identified a number of areas in which mental function may change. 3．As the temporal lobes of the brain are affected by aging, it becomes harder to pick up new skills. 4．Research indicates that physical training can help to improve memory. 5．Taking part in quizzes is the best way to stimulate the brain.正确答案：1.N 根据第二段可知文章是关于大脑功能变化的三种方式,并没有描述测试心智的种种方法。2.Y 第二段第一句指出Shimamura教授says there are three main ways in which mental fucntion changes,下文提到了三个领域mental speed,learning capaciy以及working memory。3.Y 第三段提到temporal lobes…are particularly vulnerable to the effects of aging,并且意味着as we get older, we take longer to learn a new language…。4.N 第十段提到mental fitness training可以让人们use their memory better,不是physical training。5.NG 此内容在文中没有提及。解析：暂无解析
考题
共用题干
Old Man Myths and Realities1.When does a middle-aged man become an old man?Officially,of course,it is when we reach retirement age. But, as we all know, this is a fairly blunt（生硬的）method of decision making. As life expectancy（寿命）increases,retirement planning needs to be changed. This is because being an old man today is very different from what it was a generation or so ago.2.Sixty-five is the new middle-aged man. These days people are talking about the young-old, that is ages 70-75,and those over 75 as the old-old. The young-old frequently continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends and family.The old-old have a much higher chance of poor health and social isolation.3.Although men are living longer,there are still more old women than old men.This fact alone should arouse interest as to why. Relatively little is actually known about why this is the case or about the experiences of the old man.Sure,we are aware that the old man experiences anxiety,financial problems,loneliness,etc.,but that is really about all we know.4.It is usually believed that the old man often complains about their health.In fact,most old man think their health is good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness.The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they were younger.Most old men consider themselves to be______.A:in good healthB:in the pastC:in the wrongD:the old manE:a middle-aged man F: a young man答案：A解析：文章第一段主要讲的是，随着预期寿命的增加，“老年人”的概念与以往相比已经发生了很大的变化。文章第二段主要讲对“老年人”的概念重新进行了界定。文章第三段主要讲的是，尽管人的寿命较之过去延长了，而且我们也知道老年人会面临焦虑、孤独，以及经济问题等，但相对而言，我们对老年人的经历还是知之甚少。文章第四段主要讲老年人的健康问题。从文章的头两段可以得知，现在的人通常比过去更长寿。文章第二段的头一句讲到，现如今65岁的人仍被视为中年人。文章第三段讲人们对老年人的经历仍知之甚少，因此可以说这方面的研究还有待加强。文章第四段中的第二句说，尽管大多数老人至少患有一种慢性病，但多数老人仍旧认为自己的健康状况良好。
考题
共用题干
The Need to RememberSome people say they have no memory at all:"I just can't remember a thing!"But of course we all have a memory.Our memory tells us who we are.Our memory helps us to make use in the present of what we have learnt in the past.In fact we have different types of memory.For example,our visual memory helps us recall facts and places.Some people have such a strong visual memory that they can remember exactly what they have seen,for example,pages of a book,as a complete picture.Our verbal（言语的）memory helps us remember words and figures we may have heard but not seen or written:Items of a shopping list,a chemical formula,dates,or a recipe.With our emotional（情感的）memory, we recall situations or places where we had; strong feelings,perhaps of happiness or unhappiness. We also have special memories for smell,taste, touch and sound,and for performing physical movements.We have two ways of storing any of these memories. Our short-term memory stores items for up to thirty seconds-enough to remember a telephone number while we dial.Our long-term mem-ory,on the other hand,may store items for a lifetime. Older people in fact have a much biter long-term memory than short-term .They may forget what they have done only a few hours ago,but have the clearest remembrance（记忆）of when they were very young.Psychologists tell us that we only remember a few facts about our past,and that we invent the rest. It is as though we remember only the outline of a story.We then make up the details. We of-ten do this in the way we want to remember them,usually so that we appear as the heroes of our own past , or maybe victims needing sympathy（同情）. Long-term memory is more important than short-term memory.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned答案：C解析：根据文章第二段第二句话可知，视觉记忆可以帮助我们记起事实和地方，故本题表述正确，视觉记忆可以帮我们记起曾经去过的地方。根据文章第二段最后一句话中的“Some people have such...pages of a book...”可知题干正确，故本题表述正确。根据文章第三段中的“... words and figures we may have heard but not seen or written...”可知题干表述错误。根据文章第四段最后一句可知，perform physical movements说的是special memories。因此题干错误。联系全文，本文主要说的是人的记忆，而未提及动物。文章倒数第二段对short-term memory和long-term memory作了区分，并未进行重要性的比较。根据文章最后一段第一句话可知，关于过去我们只记得一部分，剩下的都是自己编造的，故本题表述正确。
考题
单选题What are we told about people suffering from Alzheimer’s disease?A
They don’t understand the mechanisms of memory.B
They can’t remember who they are.C
They forget how to perform simple tasks.正确答案：A解析：对话中提到得了老年痴呆症的人就连像系鞋带一样简单的事情也会忘记该怎么做。Alzheimer老年痴呆症。
考题
共用题干
Improve Your MemoryTo many people advancing age means losing your hair,your waistline and your memory.But is it an inescapable fact that the older you get,the less you remember? Well,as time goes by,we tend to blame age for problems that are not necessarily age-related.When a teenager can't find her keys,she thinks it's because she's distracted or disorganized, but a 70-year-old blames her memory. In fact,the 70-year-old may have been misplacing things for decades一like we all do from time to time.In healthy people,memory doesn't deteriorate as quickly as many of us think. According to psychologists,as we age,our memory mechanism isn't broken,it's just different.The brain's processing time slows down over the years,though no one knows exactly why.Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and that there's less activity in the part of the brain that decides whether to store information or not.But it's not clear that less activity is worse.A beginning athlete is winded. more easily than a trained athlete.In the same way,as the brain gets more skilled at a task,it spends less energy on it.There are steps you can take to improve your memory,though you have to work to keep your brain in shape.It's like having a good body. You can't go to the gym once a year and expect to stay in top form.Some memory enhancement experts suggest using the AM principle.Pay attention to what you want to remember. Then give some meaning to it. We remember things when we focus on them, whether we intend to or not. That helps explain why jingles stick in our minds.They are played on loud,flashy TV commercials.They also use rhyme and music to help us remember better.Basic organization helps us remember the boring stuff. For example,rather than trying to recall a random list of groceries,we can divide them into categories,such as dairy,meat and produce. For important things like keys and money,we can set up a"forget-me-not"spot where we always keep them.We can also eat to aid our memory power. Whole grains,fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of glucose,the brain's preferred fuel. Another low-tech way to improve memory is to get adequate rest. Sleep may allow our brain time to encode memories.Interest in friends,family and hobbies does wonders for our memory.A sense of passion or purpose helps us remember. Memory requires us to pay attention to our lives,allowing us to discover in them everything worth remembering.A right choice of food and plenty of rest help improve our memory.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：本题给出的信息是正确的。依据是第一段第三句中提到“Well, as time goes by, we tend to blame age for problems that are not necessarily age-related.”其实，随着时间的流逝，我们会将一些不一定与年龄相关的问题归咎于年龄。题干中描述的“你年纪越大，记得就越少，这不总是正确的”与原文意思相符，所以选A。本题给出的信息是错误的。依据的信息句和上题信息句相同。题干所描述的“我们可以推理出记忆力的问题不是真的和年龄相关”，与原文不相符，因为“not necessarily”指“不一定”，而不是指“not really"（不是真的）。本题给出的信息是错误的。依据是第三段第二句："According to psychologists, as we age, our memory mechanism isn't broken, it's just different.”据心理学家说，当我们变老时，我们的记忆机能不会失效，只是变得和以前不一样了。题干中所陈述的“当我们变老，我们的记忆机能失效，所以它就和以前不一样了”，这个说法与原文恰恰相反，所以选B。文章没有谈到这方面的信息。本题给出的信息是正确的。依据是第四段："There are steps you can take to improve your memory,though you have to work to keep your brain in shape .It's like having a good body.You can't go to the gym once a year and expect to stay in top form.”虽然你工作以使你的大脑保持良好状态，但也有一些步骤可以用来提高记忆力。就像拥有一个好身体一样，你不能每年只去一次健身房还期望自己处于巅峰状态。题干陈述“你必须工作以使你的大脑保持灵活，就如同你努力运动使你保持体形一样”，这与原文意思相符，所以选A。本题给出的信息是错误的。依据是第五段第二、三句："Pay attention to what you want to remember.Then give some meaning to it.”关注你想要记忆的东西，并且给它以某种意义。依此推出AM代表的意思应为“attention and meaning"。而题干中说的是“注意力和记忆”与原文不符，所以选B。本题给出的信息是正确的。依据是倒数第二段的第一句和第三句："We can also eat to aid our memory power.”我们还可以通过饮食来帮助我们提高记忆力。"Another low-tech way to improve memory is to get adequate rest.”另外一种低科技的提高记忆力的方法就是要有足够的休息。题干中陈述“对食物正确的选择和大量的休息对记忆有益”，这与原文意思相符，所以选A。
考题
共用题干
Old Man Myths and Realities1.When does a middle-aged man become an old man?Officially,of course,it is when we reach retirement age. But, as we all know, this is a fairly blunt（生硬的）method of decision making. As life expectancy（寿命）increases,retirement planning needs to be changed. This is because being an old man today is very different from what it was a generation or so ago.2.Sixty-five is the new middle-aged man. These days people are talking about the young-old, that is ages 70-75,and those over 75 as the old-old. The young-old frequently continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends and family.The old-old have a much higher chance of poor health and social isolation.3.Although men are living longer,there are still more old women than old men.This fact alone should arouse interest as to why. Relatively little is actually known about why this is the case or about the experiences of the old man.Sure,we are aware that the old man experiences anxiety,financial problems,loneliness,etc.,but that is really about all we know.4.It is usually believed that the old man often complains about their health.In fact,most old man think their health is good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness.The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they were younger.Paragraph 1______A:New Definitions of the Old ManB:Changing Concept of the Old ManC:Health of the Old ManD:Happy Old Man and Sad Old ManE:Limited Knowledge of the Old Man's Experiences F: Contempt for the Old Man答案：B解析：文章第一段主要讲的是，随着预期寿命的增加，“老年人”的概念与以往相比已经发生了很大的变化。文章第二段主要讲对“老年人”的概念重新进行了界定。文章第三段主要讲的是，尽管人的寿命较之过去延长了，而且我们也知道老年人会面临焦虑、孤独，以及经济问题等，但相对而言，我们对老年人的经历还是知之甚少。文章第四段主要讲老年人的健康问题。从文章的头两段可以得知，现在的人通常比过去更长寿。文章第二段的头一句讲到，现如今65岁的人仍被视为中年人。文章第三段讲人们对老年人的经历仍知之甚少，因此可以说这方面的研究还有待加强。文章第四段中的第二句说，尽管大多数老人至少患有一种慢性病，但多数老人仍旧认为自己的健康状况良好。
考题
共用题干
The Need to RememberSome people say they have no memory at all:"I just can't remember a thing!"But of course we all have a memory.Our memory tells us who we are.Our memory helps us to make use in the present of what we have learnt in the past.In fact we have different types of memory.For example,our visual memory helps us recall facts and places.Some people have such a strong visual memory that they can remember exactly what they have seen,for example,pages of a book,as a complete picture.Our verbal（言语的）memory helps us remember words and figures we may have heard but not seen or written:Items of a shopping list,a chemical formula,dates,or a recipe.With our emotional（情感的）memory, we recall situations or places where we had; strong feelings,perhaps of happiness or unhappiness. We also have special memories for smell,taste, touch and sound,and for performing physical movements.We have two ways of storing any of these memories. Our short-term memory stores items for up to thirty seconds-enough to remember a telephone number while we dial.Our long-term mem-ory,on the other hand,may store items for a lifetime. Older people in fact have a much biter long-term memory than short-term .They may forget what they have done only a few hours ago,but have the clearest remembrance（记忆）of when they were very young.Psychologists tell us that we only remember a few facts about our past,and that we invent the rest. It is as though we remember only the outline of a story.We then make up the details. We of-ten do this in the way we want to remember them,usually so that we appear as the heroes of our own past , or maybe victims needing sympathy（同情）. Animals do not have a long-term memory.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned答案：C解析：根据文章第二段第二句话可知，视觉记忆可以帮助我们记起事实和地方，故本题表述正确，视觉记忆可以帮我们记起曾经去过的地方。根据文章第二段最后一句话中的“Some people have such...pages of a book...”可知题干正确，故本题表述正确。根据文章第三段中的“... words and figures we may have heard but not seen or written...”可知题干表述错误。根据文章第四段最后一句可知，perform physical movements说的是special memories。因此题干错误。联系全文，本文主要说的是人的记忆，而未提及动物。文章倒数第二段对short-term memory和long-term memory作了区分，并未进行重要性的比较。根据文章最后一段第一句话可知，关于过去我们只记得一部分，剩下的都是自己编造的，故本题表述正确。
考题
共用题干
Improve Your MemoryTo many people advancing age means losing your hair,your waistline and your memory.But is it an inescapable fact that the older you get,the less you remember? Well,as time goes by,we tend to blame age for problems that are not necessarily age-related.When a teenager can't find her keys,she thinks it's because she's distracted or disorganized, but a 70-year-old blames her memory. In fact,the 70-year-old may have been misplacing things for decades一like we all do from time to time.In healthy people,memory doesn't deteriorate as quickly as many of us think. According to psychologists,as we age,our memory mechanism isn't broken,it's just different.The brain's processing time slows down over the years,though no one knows exactly why.Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and that there's less activity in the part of the brain that decides whether to store information or not.But it's not clear that less activity is worse.A beginning athlete is winded. more easily than a trained athlete.In the same way,as the brain gets more skilled at a task,it spends less energy on it.There are steps you can take to improve your memory,though you have to work to keep your brain in shape.It's like having a good body. You can't go to the gym once a year and expect to stay in top form.Some memory enhancement experts suggest using the AM principle.Pay attention to what you want to remember. Then give some meaning to it. We remember things when we focus on them, whether we intend to or not. That helps explain why jingles stick in our minds.They are played on loud,flashy TV commercials.They also use rhyme and music to help us remember better.Basic organization helps us remember the boring stuff. For example,rather than trying to recall a random list of groceries,we can divide them into categories,such as dairy,meat and produce. For important things like keys and money,we can set up a"forget-me-not"spot where we always keep them.We can also eat to aid our memory power. Whole grains,fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of glucose,the brain's preferred fuel. Another low-tech way to improve memory is to get adequate rest. Sleep may allow our brain time to encode memories.Interest in friends,family and hobbies does wonders for our memory.A sense of passion or purpose helps us remember. Memory requires us to pay attention to our lives,allowing us to discover in them everything worth remembering.It is not always true that the older you get,the less you remember.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：本题给出的信息是正确的。依据是第一段第三句中提到“Well, as time goes by, we tend to blame age for problems that are not necessarily age-related.”其实，随着时间的流逝，我们会将一些不一定与年龄相关的问题归咎于年龄。题干中描述的“你年纪越大，记得就越少，这不总是正确的”与原文意思相符，所以选A。本题给出的信息是错误的。依据的信息句和上题信息句相同。题干所描述的“我们可以推理出记忆力的问题不是真的和年龄相关”，与原文不相符，因为“not necessarily”指“不一定”，而不是指“not really"（不是真的）。本题给出的信息是错误的。依据是第三段第二句："According to psychologists, as we age, our memory mechanism isn't broken, it's just different.”据心理学家说，当我们变老时，我们的记忆机能不会失效，只是变得和以前不一样了。题干中所陈述的“当我们变老，我们的记忆机能失效，所以它就和以前不一样了”，这个说法与原文恰恰相反，所以选B。文章没有谈到这方面的信息。本题给出的信息是正确的。依据是第四段："There are steps you can take to improve your memory,though you have to work to keep your brain in shape .It's like having a good body.You can't go to the gym once a year and expect to stay in top form.”虽然你工作以使你的大脑保持良好状态，但也有一些步骤可以用来提高记忆力。就像拥有一个好身体一样，你不能每年只去一次健身房还期望自己处于巅峰状态。题干陈述“你必须工作以使你的大脑保持灵活，就如同你努力运动使你保持体形一样”，这与原文意思相符，所以选A。本题给出的信息是错误的。依据是第五段第二、三句："Pay attention to what you want to remember.Then give some meaning to it.”关注你想要记忆的东西，并且给它以某种意义。依此推出AM代表的意思应为“attention and meaning"。而题干中说的是“注意力和记忆”与原文不符，所以选B。本题给出的信息是正确的。依据是倒数第二段的第一句和第三句："We can also eat to aid our memory power.”我们还可以通过饮食来帮助我们提高记忆力。"Another low-tech way to improve memory is to get adequate rest.”另外一种低科技的提高记忆力的方法就是要有足够的休息。题干中陈述“对食物正确的选择和大量的休息对记忆有益”，这与原文意思相符，所以选A。
考题
共用题干
Improve Your MemoryTo many people advancing age means losing your hair,your waistline and your memory.But is it an inescapable fact that the older you get,the less you remember? Well,as time goes by,we tend to blame age for problems that are not necessarily age-related.When a teenager can't find her keys,she thinks it's because she's distracted or disorganized, but a 70-year-old blames her memory. In fact,the 70-year-old may have been misplacing things for decades一like we all do from time to time.In healthy people,memory doesn't deteriorate as quickly as many of us think. According to psychologists,as we age,our memory mechanism isn't broken,it's just different.The brain's processing time slows down over the years,though no one knows exactly why.Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and that there's less activity in the part of the brain that decides whether to store information or not.But it's not clear that less activity is worse.A beginning athlete is winded. more easily than a trained athlete.In the same way,as the brain gets more skilled at a task,it spends less energy on it.There are steps you can take to improve your memory,though you have to work to keep your brain in shape.It's like having a good body. You can't go to the gym once a year and expect to stay in top form.Some memory enhancement experts suggest using the AM principle.Pay attention to what you want to remember. Then give some meaning to it. We remember things when we focus on them, whether we intend to or not. That helps explain why jingles stick in our minds.They are played on loud,flashy TV commercials.They also use rhyme and music to help us remember better.Basic organization helps us remember the boring stuff. For example,rather than trying to recall a random list of groceries,we can divide them into categories,such as dairy,meat and produce. For important things like keys and money,we can set up a"forget-me-not"spot where we always keep them.We can also eat to aid our memory power. Whole grains,fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of glucose,the brain's preferred fuel. Another low-tech way to improve memory is to get adequate rest. Sleep may allow our brain time to encode memories.Interest in friends,family and hobbies does wonders for our memory.A sense of passion or purpose helps us remember. Memory requires us to pay attention to our lives,allowing us to discover in them everything worth remembering.As we get older, our memory mechanism is broken,and so cannot be the same as it was before.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：本题给出的信息是正确的。依据是第一段第三句中提到“Well, as time goes by, we tend to blame age for problems that are not necessarily age-related.”其实，随着时间的流逝，我们会将一些不一定与年龄相关的问题归咎于年龄。题干中描述的“你年纪越大，记得就越少，这不总是正确的”与原文意思相符，所以选A。本题给出的信息是错误的。依据的信息句和上题信息句相同。题干所描述的“我们可以推理出记忆力的问题不是真的和年龄相关”，与原文不相符，因为“not necessarily”指“不一定”，而不是指“not really"（不是真的）。本题给出的信息是错误的。依据是第三段第二句："According to psychologists, as we age, our memory mechanism isn't broken, it's just different.”据心理学家说，当我们变老时，我们的记忆机能不会失效，只是变得和以前不一样了。题干中所陈述的“当我们变老，我们的记忆机能失效，所以它就和以前不一样了”，这个说法与原文恰恰相反，所以选B。文章没有谈到这方面的信息。本题给出的信息是正确的。依据是第四段："There are steps you can take to improve your memory,though you have to work to keep your brain in shape .It's like having a good body.You can't go to the gym once a year and expect to stay in top form.”虽然你工作以使你的大脑保持良好状态，但也有一些步骤可以用来提高记忆力。就像拥有一个好身体一样，你不能每年只去一次健身房还期望自己处于巅峰状态。题干陈述“你必须工作以使你的大脑保持灵活，就如同你努力运动使你保持体形一样”，这与原文意思相符，所以选A。本题给出的信息是错误的。依据是第五段第二、三句："Pay attention to what you want to remember.Then give some meaning to it.”关注你想要记忆的东西，并且给它以某种意义。依此推出AM代表的意思应为“attention and meaning"。而题干中说的是“注意力和记忆”与原文不符，所以选B。本题给出的信息是正确的。依据是倒数第二段的第一句和第三句："We can also eat to aid our memory power.”我们还可以通过饮食来帮助我们提高记忆力。"Another low-tech way to improve memory is to get adequate rest.”另外一种低科技的提高记忆力的方法就是要有足够的休息。题干中陈述“对食物正确的选择和大量的休息对记忆有益”，这与原文意思相符，所以选A。
考题
共用题干
Old Man Myths and Realities1.When does a middle-aged man become an old man?Officially,of course,it is when we reach retirement age. But, as we all know, this is a fairly blunt（生硬的）method of decision making. As life expectancy（寿命）increases,retirement planning needs to be changed. This is because being an old man today is very different from what it was a generation or so ago.2.Sixty-five is the new middle-aged man. These days people are talking about the young-old, that is ages 70-75,and those over 75 as the old-old. The young-old frequently continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends and family.The old-old have a much higher chance of poor health and social isolation.3.Although men are living longer,there are still more old women than old men.This fact alone should arouse interest as to why. Relatively little is actually known about why this is the case or about the experiences of the old man.Sure,we are aware that the old man experiences anxiety,financial problems,loneliness,etc.,but that is really about all we know.4.It is usually believed that the old man often complains about their health.In fact,most old man think their health is good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness.The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they were younger.A man in his mid-60s is now regarded as______.A:in good healthB:in the pastC:in the wrongD:the old manE:a middle-aged man F: a young man答案：E解析：文章第一段主要讲的是，随着预期寿命的增加，“老年人”的概念与以往相比已经发生了很大的变化。文章第二段主要讲对“老年人”的概念重新进行了界定。文章第三段主要讲的是，尽管人的寿命较之过去延长了，而且我们也知道老年人会面临焦虑、孤独，以及经济问题等，但相对而言，我们对老年人的经历还是知之甚少。文章第四段主要讲老年人的健康问题。从文章的头两段可以得知，现在的人通常比过去更长寿。文章第二段的头一句讲到，现如今65岁的人仍被视为中年人。文章第三段讲人们对老年人的经历仍知之甚少，因此可以说这方面的研究还有待加强。文章第四段中的第二句说，尽管大多数老人至少患有一种慢性病，但多数老人仍旧认为自己的健康状况良好。