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2022年辽宁科技大学自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）
A、many damages
B、a damage
C、much damages
D、much damage
Forces other than damaging winds are also at work inside tornadoes (龙卷风) . Sometimes,as the wind passes a house, the walls and ceiling burst apart as if a bomb had gone off inside. This explosion is caused by the low air pressure at the center of a tornado.
The pressure at the center of a tornado is usually 13 pounds per square inch. However,inside the house the air pressure is normal, about 15 pounds per square inch.The difference of 2 pounds per square inch between the inside and outside pressure may not seem like much. But suppose a tornado passes over a small building that measures 20 by 10 by feet. On each square inch of the building, there is 2 pounds of pressure from the inside
that is not balanced by air pressure outside the building. On the ceiling, that adds up to an unbalanced pressure of 57600 pounds. The pressure of the four walls adds up to 172800 pounds.
If windows are open in the building, some of the inside air will rush out through them.This will balance the pressure inside and outside the building.But if the windows are shut tightly, the huge inside pressure may cause the building to burst.
Unfortunately, heavy rain often occurs in the storms that later produce tornadoes,so people often shut their windows. This may cause far worse damage later.
21、 What did the paragraph before this passage most probably discuss?
A、 Measuring rainfall from a storm
B、 The kinds of damage caused by explosions
C、 The powerful winds of tornadoes
22、 Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?
A、 How tornadoes can be prevented
B、 When tornadoes usually occur
C、 Why tornadoes cause so much damage
23、 Tornadoes can destroy buildings because the()
A、 force of a tornado increases the air pressure in a building
B、 air pressure inside a tornado is less than the air pressure inside a building
C、 air pressure at the center of a tornado is over 172000 pounds
24、 What is the difference per square inch between the air pressure inside a building and the air pressure inside a tornado?
A、 2 pounds
B、 13 pounds
C、 15 pounds
25、 What would happen if the windows are shut tightly in the stormy weather?
A、 Tornadoes may be formed
B、 The house may be apart
C、 There may not be any pressure inside the building
参考答案：21、B 22、B 23、A 24、C 25、C
If the Shipowner can only show that some part of the damage to the goods was due to a cause within the exception， he must also show how much of the damage is comprised in that part， otherwise he is liable ________ ．
A.for the part
B.for the whole
C.for the parts of damage not due to causes within the exception
D.for the parts of damage due to causes within the exception
Damage to cargo caused by fumes or vapors from liquids，gases，or solids is known as ______.
A.contamination
B.oxidation
C.tainting
D.vaporization
I would be much obliged if you could take the matter up with your Owners or Agents on the damage sustained and also request them to send their representative to us together with yours as soon as possible with a view to ascertaining the extent of the damage. This sentice is most likely appeared in a letter submitted to the ______.
A.captain of a ship
B.port captain
C.agent
D.shipchandler
2022年辽宁科技大学自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】【2010.04】The spokesman occasionally _ his speech with gestures. A、acknowledges B、accompanies C、attributes D、anticipates【正确答案】B【答案解析】本题考查词汇。【译文】这位发言人讲演中偶尔伴有手势。第2题【单选题】【阅读判断】The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes.Q: Power supply system was not damaged during the storm. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。本题可译为：暴风雨中供电系统没遭到破坏。最后一句说大风和暴雨使一些家庭的供电出现了问题，与题项矛盾，故选B。第3题【单选题】【2008.04】It has been found that a strong _ help overcome the effects of distraction. A、interruption B、motivation C、evaluation D、destination【正确答案】B【答案解析】本题考查名词词义区分。 A. 打扰、中；断 B. 动机、诱因； C. 评估、评价； D. 目的地、终点。整句话的意思是：人们发现一个很强的动机可以帮助克服干扰物的影响。第4题【单选题】【阅读选择】If you enjoy looking through travel books by such familiar authors as Arthur Frommer or Eugene Fodor, it will not surprise you to learn that travel writing has a long and venerable history. Almost from the earliest annals of recorded time individuals have found ready audiences for their accounts of journeys to strange and exotic locales.This passage is mostly about_. A、why people find travel writing exciting B、the literary style of three early travel writers C、where three early travel writers went and wrote about D、how to write a travel book【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。主旨题。联系第一自然段和每段首句知道，本文讲了三个作家，锁定答案B和C，结合内容，文章主要讲关于他们的旅行和作品，答案是C。第5题【单选题】【阅读选择】Rhythm in literature is a more or less regular occurrence of certain elements of writing: a word, a phrase, an idea, a sound, or a grammatical construction. We are also accustomed to this recurrence in the alternate heavy and light beats in music. Our love for rhythm seems to be innate: witness the responses of a small child to lively music. Children love to beat on toy drums or empty boxes. They stamp their feet and chant nursery rhymes or nonsense syllables, not unlike primitive dancers. As children grow older, they are taught to restrain their responses to rhythm, but our love of rhythm remains. We live in rhythms; in fact we are governed by rhythms.According to the passage, an adults reaction to rhythm in music would probably be _. A、uninhibited B、indifferent C、restrained D、responsible【正确答案】C【答案解析】该题的解题依据在本段结尾部分“As children grow older, they are taught to restrain their responses to rhythm”。作者讲：随着孩子的年龄逐渐增大，大人就会教他们抑制对节奏的反应，等他们长大之后，他们对音乐节奏的反应，更可能受到抑制。第6题【单选题】【完成句子】Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. but in 1953, females names were given because of th、e unpredictability（不可预知）factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist（性别歧视的）nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women.The main consideration of using males and females names for hurricanes is _. A、the timely（及时的）discovery B、its uncertainty C、sex equality D、its、 connection with humans【正确答案】C【答案解析】依靠原文（利用（male, female）names作为答案线索词）中最后一句判断答案为C（与性别有关）。第7题【单选题】【2009.01】Modern economics _the countrys agricultural policies. A、undergoes B、understands C、underlies D、undertakes【正确答案】C【答案解析】句意：现代经济学是国家农业政策的基础。考查形近动词词义。A 经历，经受；B 了解；C 成为的基础；D 承担，保证。 第8题【单选题】【阅读选择】But E
Owners are to be responsible for loss of or damage to the goods or delay in delivery of the goods only in case the loss，damage or delay has been caused by the improper or negligent stowage of the goods．This means that ______.
A.Owners are to be responsible for loss or damage even such loss or damage is not caused by the improper stowage
B.Owners are only responsible for the loss or damage or delay caused by improper or negligent stowage．
C.Both A and B are right
D.Both A and B are wrong
材料:
Some older decisions have held that the carrier，in order to rebut the presumption of liability resulting from the arrival in damaged condition of GOODs shipped undamaged，must prove not only that the loss or damage was caused by one of the excepted perils，but also that the harm did not result from any negligence on the carrier&39;s part．
Most more recent decisions and authors，however，uphold the view that，in general，the carrier may rebut the claimant&39;s prima facie case simply by proving that the loss was caused by an excepted peril．At that point，the onus switches to the cargo claimant to prove that the true cause of the loss was the carrier&39;s negligence．
Nevertheless certain Hague and Hague/Visby Rules exceptions，expressly or implicitly，also require the carrier to negative its own negligence in proving the exception itself．For example，a clause in the said rules expressly imposes on the carrier the burden of proving that the loss or damage occurred without its actual fault or privity and without any fault or neglect on the part of its servants or agents．
The carrier，however，must truly prove the existence of one or more of the exceptions and their causative role in respect of the loss or damage．Conjectures and speculation do not take the place of hard evidence．A court has held：“Mere speculation will not overcome the prima facie evidence of a clean bill of lading”．
问题：
The carrier will be held liable for the loss or damage if _______．
A.it is proved that he has privity to the loss or damage
B.it is proved that the fault or neglect on his part is not the true cause of the loss or damage
C.it is too onerous for him to demonstrate that the loss or damage is caused by what is beyond his control
D.if there are conjectures and speculation
In accordance with old decisions，the carrier will not be excused unless he has proved that _______．A.not only the loss or damage was caused by one of the excepted perils，but also that the harm did not result from any negligence on the his part
B.the loss or damage was caused by one of the excepted perils
C.the harm did not result from any negligence on his part
D.there are conjectures and speculation
In accordance with most more recent decisions and authors，the carrier will not be excused unless he has proved that _______．A.not only the loss or damage was caused by one of the excepted perils，but also that the harm did not result from any negligence on the his part
B.the loss or damage was caused by one of the excepted perils
C.the harm did not result from any negligence on his part
D.there are conjectures and speculation
It is concluded that _______．A.The carrier is not in a position to prove the loss or damage is substantially caused by one or more of the excepted perils
B.It can not be decided that whether the carrier has to prove the loss or damage is substantially caused by one or more of the excepted perils because there are some differences between the decisions and authors and requirements of Hague and Hague/Visby Rules
C.The carrier does not have to prove the loss or damage is substantially caused by one or more of the excepted perils due to the fact that there are some differences between the decisions and authors and requirements of Hague and Hague/Visby Rules
D.The carrier must truly prove the loss or damage is substantially caused by one or more of the excepted perils even there are some differences between the decisions and authors and requirements of Hague and Hague/Visby Rules
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
问题 2 答案解析：A
问题 3 答案解析：B
问题 4 答案解析：D
Mother Nature Shows Her Strength
Tornadoes（龙卷风）and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into
Trumbull County on Saturday evening.The storms were dramatic and dangerous.
Georae Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a
funnel（漏斗状的）cloud was behind him. "I stopped the truck and watched the tunnel
cloud.It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while.It was
movina toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared,"Snyder said.
Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on
Saturday.In Trumbull County,a tornado turned trees onto their sides.Some trees fell onto
houses and cars.Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down.
Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began."I knew something was
wrong."she said."I saw the sky go green and pink（粉红色）.Then it sounded like a train
rushing toward the house.I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for
protection."
The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area.It will take a long
time and much money to repair everything.There was also serious water damage from the
thunderstorms.The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes.
The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of
rain fell in parts of Trumbull County.The river was so high that the water ran into streets
and houses.Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water.
This made it difficult for fire trucks,police cars and other rescue vehicles to help people who
were in trouble.
Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety.
Some people reported five feet of water in their homes.Local and state officials opened
emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated（撤走）.The Red Cross served
meals to them.
"This was a really intense storm,"said Snyder."People were afraid.Mother Nature
can be fierce.We were lucky this time.No one was killed."
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
B:accidental
C:environmental
D:serious
Mother Nature Shows Her Strength
Tornadoes（龙卷风）and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into
Trumbull County on Saturday evening.The storms were dramatic and dangerous.
Georae Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a
funnel（漏斗状的）cloud was behind him. "I stopped the truck and watched the tunnel
cloud.It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while.It was
movina toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared,"Snyder said.
Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on
Saturday.In Trumbull County,a tornado turned trees onto their sides.Some trees fell onto
houses and cars.Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down.
Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began."I knew something was
wrong."she said."I saw the sky go green and pink（粉红色）.Then it sounded like a train
rushing toward the house.I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for
protection."
The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area.It will take a long
time and much money to repair everything.There was also serious water damage from the
thunderstorms.The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes.
The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of
rain fell in parts of Trumbull County.The river was so high that the water ran into streets
and houses.Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water.
This made it difficult for fire trucks,police cars and other rescue vehicles to help people who
were in trouble.
Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety.
Some people reported five feet of water in their homes.Local and state officials opened
emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated（撤走）.The Red Cross served
meals to them.
"This was a really intense storm,"said Snyder."People were afraid.Mother Nature
can be fierce.We were lucky this time.No one was killed."
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned